How can India reduce Energy Intensity?

Transport

1. Modern ICE: Efficiency of fuel combustion is much higher in today's ICE engines.

2. Railway electrification to EVs: Shifts energy from thermal to electrical.

3. Higher Railways modal share: Railways carry more tonnes per KWh.

4. Metro-rail & buses: Carry more passengers per KWh & reduce road congestion.

5. Work from home & IT shopping: Personal trips are replaced by fewer commercial deliveries.

Households & Commercial

1. Green buildings: Buildings with higher insulation reduce cooling and heating loads.

2. Improved building designs: Modern commercial designs allow better ventilation.

3. Energy-efficient appliances & lighting.

Logistics

1. Better road / rail infrastructure: Shorter journeys, fewer stops & less round-tripping.

2. Improved logistics infrastructure: All buildings and equipment for seamless operations.

3. Multimodal logistics parks: An efficient way to distribute.

4. Cluster development: Energy can be saved by rationalising supply chains.

Industry

1. Renewable Electricity: RE requires less energy to produce 1 KWh of electricity.

2. PV in telecom towers, irrigation pumps: Shifts away from thermal means of production.

3. Replace old equipment: Modern equipment (e.g. boilers) is very energy-efficient.

4. Efficient industrial processes: Modern methods are more energy-efficient.